Archives de l’auteur : Olivier Giraud

20 and 21 september 2024, conference

How do societies produce and deal with discrimination? International and intersectional comparative perspectives on labor-market and Welfare rights related discrimination

Centre Marc Bloch, Berlin

Organizers: Christine Barwick-Gross & Monika Eigmüller (Europa-Universität Flensburg), Stefanie Börner (Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg), Eléanor Breton, Olivier Giraud & Nikola Tietze (Lise, CNAM Paris, & CMB, Berlin)

In the final conference of the French-German project “Access plus” we seek to address labor-market related discrimination of women and of (post-)migrants, using an international comparative perspective, with Germany and France at the centre. Starting from the observation that sociological research on discrimination is still rather scarce in Europe, we aim to explore how discrimination in the labor market and regarding access to social rights is produced, addressed, and fought against. Thereby, by comparing diverse logics of discrimination, among others intersectional ones, we seek to foreground the experiences of women and (post-)migrants, two societal ‘groups’ that still face disadvantages compared to male native labor market participants. We seek to explore these issues along three thematic lines of inquiry:

(i) Producing discrimination? Welfare states as co-producers of inequality – policies, rights and regulations

Access to the labor market and to social rights and protection differs strongly between (European) welfare states, based, e.g., on general labor market conditions and social policies, but also anti-discrimination law. In “salary societies” (Castel 1995) like France and Germany, access to the welfare system strongly depends on prior contributions, through participation in the labor market. For women and (post-)migrants, in turn, this participation is influenced by family and tax policies, and immigration and integration policies, respectively. Unfair and unequal treatment concerning access to and participation in the labor market thus produces barriers to accessing social rights and protection. We hence seek to analyze the mechanisms that produce discrimination in the context of welfare state and labor market regulations. Both the structural elements of the labor market and how policies are implemented are relevant for the study of the production – but also combating – of discrimination. As labor market and welfare policies are not only influenced by national-level politics, but also by local or supranational regulations, we encourage contributions to also focus on the multiple scales along which discrimination can be produced or combated.

(ii) Addressing discrimination: Role of discourse, framing, categorizations

In this section, we are interested in the discourses around discrimination, including their framing and the categorizations used by different actors. This focus allows us to better understand differences and similarities regarding the legitimization and challenging of discriminatory and excluding practices for women and (post-)migrants. Discourses on who is deserving, based e.g. on national origin, ethno-racial imaginations and economic background, prior contributions to the welfare system, or based on ideas about the role of women/mothers and migrants in the labor market are highly consequential as they influence the formulation of public problems and related policies, as well as the actions of policy-implementing actors such as public officials responsible for attributing welfare or facilitating access to (local) labor markets.

Analyzing processes of framing and categorizations, we also intend to foreground the configurations of various dynamics, including action repertoires (as determined by political rationalities, professional knowledge and positions), structural elements (legal cultures, normative principals, institutionalized categories, or administrative procedures), as well as more conjunctural ones (collective convictions, recognition of historical elements, forms of competitive behaviors between social groups). We are particularly interested in exploring the controversies and conflicts that impact the process of framing and categorizations.

(iii) Enforcing non-discrimination: The relevance of legal practices and tools In France and Germany, as well as at the EU- level, public institutions and private organizations have developed strategies aimed at fighting discriminations. In this thematic section, we address the logics of acting and practices of coming to terms with discriminations. Different actors have different representations about the causes and mechanisms of discrimination and how to fight them, or on what grounds these causes should be denied or contested. We want to look specifically at how persons involved in the fight against discrimination – from individual to organized actors – make sense and act or react to the issues of discriminations in the context of the day-to-day activities. Thereby, we want to focus in particular on the use of law, legal principals and procedures, asking whether the application of legal instruments leads to legal change and ultimately to social transformations.

 

Programm:

Friday, September 20th

9:00 Welcome

9:30 to 12:30

Producing discrimination? Welfare states as co-producers of inequality – policies, rights and regulations

Discussant: Silke Bothfeld (Hochschule Bremen)

Anne Eydoux (Lise, Cnam-Paris), Anne-Françoise Bender (Lise, Cnam-Paris), Christine Barwick (HU-Berlin)

14:00 to 16:30

Addressing discrimination: Role of discourse, framing, categorizations

Discussant: Virginie Giraudon (CNRS, Sciences Po Paris)

Arnaud Lechevalier (La Sorbonne, Paris 1), Karine Briard (DARES, Paris), Yacine Amena (University of Luxembourg, CMB Berlin)

17:00 to 18:30

Round Table

Analyzing inequalities and discriminations in a German-French perspective

Jay Rowell (CMB, Berlin) in discussion with team members of AccessPlus (Europa Universität Flensburg and Lise, CNRS Cnam-Paris)

Saturday, September 21th

10:00 to 13:00

Enforcing non-discrimination: The relevance of legal practices and tools

Discussant: Sophia Aalders (DeZIM, Berlin)

Guénolé Marchadour (Lise, Cnam-Paris), Alejandro Valdivia (Europa Universität Flensburg), Eléanor Breton (Université Vannes, Lise, Cnam-Paris)

 

16 juin 2023, Etat des lieux: terrains et travaux

Etat des lieux des terrains et travaux en cours

Vendredi 16 juin – 9h à 17h – Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

 présentiel et distanciel – Amphi Fabry Pérot (4.0.48), 292 rue saint Martin, 75003 Paris, accès 4 (plan à flasher ci-dessous)

 

9h – 9h30 : Accueil

9h30 – 12h15 : Session 1 / Publics et pratiques

Anne-Françoise Bender (Cnam, Lise), Frédérique Pigeyre (Cnam, Lise) : « L’accès à la formation pour les femmes éloignées de l’emploi en Île-de-France: un état des lieux qui interroge »

Olivier Lipari-Giraud (Cnam, Lise), Nikola Tietze (CMB, WiKu, Lise) : « l’accès aux droits sociaux en France et en Allemagne : quelques observations de terrain »

11h10 – 11h30 : pause

Gregory Beltran (Odenore, IFERISS)  : « Le rôle des acteurs institutionnels et associatifs dans la reconnaissance de vulnérabilité et l’accès aux droits des personnes en demande d’asile LGBTI »

 

12h30 – 14h : Déjeuner

 

14h – 15h40 : Session 2 / Cadrage, mobilisations et processus

Guénolé Marchadour (Cnam, Lise) : « De la lutte contre les discriminations aux mobilisations pour l’accès aux droits de tou·tes les travailleur·euses ? Réappropriation et usages d’un répertoire d’action syndical en France »

Arnaud Lechevalier (Université Paris 1, Lise), Francesco Laruffa (Université de Genève) : « Social Europe and neoliberalism: eine Zeitwende? »

15h40 – 16h : pause

16h – 17h : Discussion autour d’un projet de publication

Stream EspaNet Vienne (Autriche) les 13 et 14 septembre 2022 en lien avec le projet AccessPlus – Structural Inequalities, Non-Take-Up, or Discriminations? Multiple Barriers of Access to Social Rights in Europe

Stream 11 de la prochaine Conférence générale du réseau européen EspaNet

In the tradition of most European welfare states, social policies are directed at compensating socio-economic inequalities. However, for several decades now, the European Union has developed an agenda dedicated to fight specific discriminations (Amiraux, Guiraudon, 2010). Gender, migration status, disability, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, etc. hinder specific social groups access to social rights. European anti-discrimination policies aim at guaranteeing equal treatment. This contributes to the concretisation of a form of social Europe. How are these two conceptions of inequalities compatible? Beyond this policy dimension, the literature about social asymmetries in the access to social rights has developed segmented strands. First, the literature about structural inequalities (Sørensen, 1996), shows how specific social patterns are co-related with a more or less intense use of specific social rights (Brunovskis, Skilbrei, 2018). Second, the literature about non-take-up of social rights (van Oorschot, 1991) has focused the lack of information of addressees, the poor design of policy instruments that don’t fit the needs and expectations of the public, or other political or value related motives that account for the refusal of the public to take up specific social rights. Thirdly, scholarship has as well been dedicated to discrimination mechanisms (Prechal, 2004). This last strand of research dissects on the one hand how government, agencies, street level bureaucrats, etc. actively reject particular social groups in their access to social rights. On the other, it investigates the role of barriers that systematically or routinely hinder the access of certain groups to social rights.

What are the research results delivered by those 3 research traditions? How do they combine the prospect of compensating socio-economic inequalities with the one of fighting for equal treatment? What concrete social mechanisms have been identified for inequalities, non-take-up and discriminations? Are there overlaps between the mechanisms identified by the various strands of research? How do these approaches complement, or contradict each other?

This stream will welcome papers providing or comparing research results on structural inequalities, non-take-up and/or discrimination. More abstract papers working on the analysis of various conceptions of inequalities, in relation to those three forms, or on the social mechanisms at stake are expected as well. Finally, international comparative analyses or analyses of the specific agenda of the European Union in those matters are highly appreciated.

Literature:
Amiraux V., Guiraudon V. (2010). “Discrimination in Comparative Perspective: Policies and Practices”. American Behavioral Scientist. 53(12): 1691-1714.
Brunovskis A., Skilbrei ML (2018). “Individual or Structural Inequality? Access and Barriers in Welfare Services for Women Who Sell Sex”. Social Inclusion. 6(3): 310-318.
Prechal, S. (2004). ‘Equality of treatment, non-discrimination and social policy: Achievements in three themes’. Common Market Law Review, 41, 2: 533-551,
van Oorschot W. (1991). “Non-Take-Up of Social Security Benefits in Europe”. Journal of European Social Policy. 1(1):15-30.

Chairs:
Eigmüller, Monika (EUF, Europa-Universität Flensburg) monika.eigmueller@uni-flensburg.de
Giraud, Olivier (INSHS, Institut des Sciences humaines et sociales) olivier.a.giraud@cnrs.fr
Tietze, Nikola (LISE, Cnam)